TOGAF® Standard, 10th Edition · OGEA-101 Foundation · Quick revision
Stakeholder
Official definition — learn word for word
“An individual, team, organization, or class thereof, having an interest in a system.”
Source: CC §4.75 · AC §3.1
Memory aid
Power grid, bottom-left to top-right: A-B-C-D.
A Minimal Effort (low power, low interest)
B Keep Informed (low power, high interest)
C Keep Satisfied (high power, low interest)
D Key Players (high power, high interest)
Memory aid — not TOGAF wording.
In plain words
Anyone — a person, a team, a whole organization, or a class of them — who cares about the system.
Plain-English summary — not TOGAF wording.
Worked example
For DUK's fee-payment change: the Registrar could be a Key Player (high power, high interest), students Keep Informed (low power, high interest), and the Finance Committee Keep Satisfied (high power, lower day-to-day interest). The classification is the architect's judgement.
Illustrative example (Digital University Kerala) — not from the Standard.
01Mind map — related concepts
Stakeholder
HAS
One or more concerns about the system
4-STEP TECHNIQUE
Identify · Classify · Approach · Tailor
POWER GRID (FIG 3-2)
Minimal Effort · Keep Informed Keep Satisfied · Key Players
PHASE A · STEP 3.3.2
Output: stakeholder map → Communications Plan
VISIBLE + INVISIBLE
Informal groups may be as powerful as formal
NOT TO CONFUSE WITH
Concern (an interest, not a person)
Source: TECH §3.2–3.3 · ADM §3.3.2 · AC §3.1
02Stakeholder Power Grid (TECH Fig 3-2)
| Quadrant | Power | Interest | Strategy label |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Low | Low | Minimal Effort |
| B | Low | High | Keep Informed |
| C | High | Low | Keep Satisfied |
| D | High | High | Key Players |
Source: TECH §3.3.3
03Stakeholder management process (TECH §3.3)
3.3.1 Identify Stakeholderswho is affected, has power, or has an interest
3.3.2 Classify Stakeholder Positionsunderstanding, commitment, support
3.3.3 Determine Management Approachpower/interest matrix
3.3.4 Tailor Engagement Deliverablescatalogs, matrices, diagrams per group
Used in Phase A and updated throughout each phase — new stakeholders may appear in Opportunities & Solutions, Migration Planning and Architecture Change Management.
Source: TECH §3.2–3.3
04Where it appears in the ADM
Phase A · Step 3.3.2
Identify Stakeholders, Concerns, and Business Requirements. The major product is a stakeholder map; it starts the Communications Plan.
ADM §3.3.2
Phase A · Artifact
Stakeholder Catalog — no specific metamodel entities (Phase A uses informal modeling).
AC §3.6.2
All later phases
Stakeholder analysis is updated throughout each phase.
TECH §3.2
05Exam traps
“A stakeholder is always an individual” → An individual, team, organization, or class thereof
“Stakeholder analysis is done once in Phase A” → Used in Phase A and updated throughout each phase
““Keep Informed” = high power” → Keep Informed = low power, high interest
“Identify stakeholders from the formal org chart only” → Informal stakeholder groups may be just as powerful and influential
“The stakeholder map is a Preliminary Phase output” → It is the major product of Phase A step 3.3.2
06Self-test — tap to reveal
Q1Define a stakeholder.
An individual, team, organization, or class thereof, having an interest in a system.
Q2Which quadrant is high power, high interest?
D — Key Players.
Q3Which quadrant is low power, high interest?
B — Keep Informed.
Q4Name the four steps of stakeholder management.
Identify, Classify positions, Determine approach, Tailor engagement deliverables.
Q5Which Phase A step identifies stakeholders?
Step 3.3.2.
Q6What is the major product of that step?
A stakeholder map.
Q7What is the “Invisible team”?
Those who must contribute for success but are not obviously associated with the project (e.g. support services).
Q8Which Phase A catalog lists stakeholders?
The Stakeholder Catalog.